Posted by Scientific Insights on Thursday, July 17, 2014
E. Adoption In Perspective Alqasimi
1. Definition of Adoption
In the book of tafsir Mahasin al-Ta'wil al-Qasimi's work, he did not explain in detail related to the subject of the discussion that has the author serve. This was understandable, given that the interpretation method used by al-Qasimi is a tahlili method and not maudhu'i (thematic), where in the tahlili method, an interpreter often do not discuss it thoroughly, it is different if the interpreter are using the thematic method, in which he will thoroughly examine related issues raised. Therefore the explanation given by al-Qasimi related to subject this time is very short.
The etymologically adoption which it is an uptake language of language English (adoption) does have meaning lift a child. In Arabic language known by term tabbani which means taking a child. In the sense of the language, al-Qasimi did not explain specifically. However, the authors (i'am) try to capture the main ideas of al-Qasimi when he explaining mean of Surah al-Ahzab: 40 that tabbani is lifting a child or take a child to be treated.
In terminological, al-Qasimi also does not provide his understanding specifically. However, it can was arrested of imply that the adoption of term is lifted other people's children to become as his children (nurseling) without having to decide pedigree or chain of biological family relationships. So the existence of the adoption mean of the implied conveyed by al-Qasimi, then genealogical lineage of the child and the biological parent of the child will remain intact, although status of the child is not treated, not raised and not educated by his biological parents, but cared, raised, and educated by his adoptive parents. This understanding is he based on QS al-Ahzab: 40 as listed below:
مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ...
It means: "Muhammad certainly is not the father of a man among you ..."
In the verse, al-Qasimi explained that in fact this verse is a warning to the Prophet Muhammad, in which the Prophet when lifting Zaid, the Prophet then take lineage Zaid to himself, so his name is Zaid ibn Muhammad. The act is a tradition of ignorance that has been frequently practiced by the Arabs. However, since go down of the verse, the living tradition of ignorance for centuries was finally broken by verse through intermediary of the Prophet's practice appointment against zaid as his son adopted.
Muhammad is not the father of Zaid, Zaid father's who actually is Haritha, hence the name of Zaid is Zaid bin Haritha. Muhammad for Zaid not the biological father, but rather foster father, the father who takes care and nurturing Zaid. Viceversa, Zaid for Mohammed is foster son, not biological children. Thus the lineage relationships that occur between Zaid with his biological family is still well preserved. Without disconection lineage as is common in the ignorance Arab society.
Such said by Imam Ibn Kathir when interpreting this verse. At first when the Prophet adopt Zaid, the prophet lineage (nasab) zaid to himself, so his name became Zaid bin Muhammad. Shortly thereafter, the verse came to broken ignorance tradition that has long been rooted, and was practiced by the Prophet. With the advent of the verse ended ignorance tradition that has long been practiced by the Arabs. Lineage of Zaid permanent on his biological father ie Haritsah, the family relations remain entwined. While the Prophet Muhammad is his adoptive father, who take care and nurture Zaid, without having to cut pedigree lineage and change it became new lineage.
Thus, hus, from the sense that the author has presented above it is in fact in subtance there semblance of meaning adoption / foster child in the Indonsia Republic legislation can be found in chapter 1 verse 9 number 23 year 2002 on the protection of children. The law gives definition that means adoptions chlild is a child who his rights transferred from within authority the family of parents, legal guardian, or other person responsible for the care, education, and raising the children, within the adopted family based on the verdict or court decision. And in chapter 40 verse 1 which states that "The adoptive parents must notify to his foster child about his origins and his biological parents." That is the status of the adoptive parents remain adoptive parents and the status of the biological parents remain biological parents. So from that in chapter 40 verse 1, adoptive parents compulsorily to inform about origin of his adoptive chlid and his biological parents.
On the explanation that has I (author) convey above, then can be drawn the conclusion that the adoption / tabbani according to al-Qasimi is taking a child to serve as a foster child whith caring and nourishes him without changing the pedigree / lineage.
-----------------------------wait the next article in the nex day------------------