Martini, Raimundo (1230-1284)

c. Martini, Raimundo (1230-1284)

Martini, a theologian, missionary, at once this orientalist born in Subirats, in the District of Catalonia, Spain in 1230 and died in July 1284 in Barcelona. Because Martini entered the Dominican priest institutions, then in 1250 he was sent by his boss to learn the languages ​​of the East in order to establish a mission against Muslims. Among these are Arabic, in the process, he finally proficient in
the Arabic language, both orally or in writing, even so adept in Arabic, he pretend to rival the Qur'an by making a letter such as the letter of the Koran. This martini works immortalized in a book entitled Vocabulista In Arabico. After proficient in the East language, Martini then go to Tunis and set up a special school which provides teaching Arabic for the missionaries. In 1264 he became a member of the committee set up by King Arghone to examine Jewish books. Martini in 1281 bacame a lecturer in special schools that teach Hebrew in Barcelona.

Throughout his life, he managed to give birth to a great many works, among them: Pugio Fidei Adversus Judaeus Mauros Et, was completed in the year 1278, written in Latin and Hebrew language. This book was written with the intention to serve as a handle material or weapons Domonikan missionaries in defending the Christian faith from Jewish attacks, especially in the matter of Jesus as the Messiah, son of Maryamand beliefs about the trinity. In defending themselves from attack Jews, Martini using sources from the manuscript of the old testament in Hebrew and also from the Talmud. Meanwhile, in the face of attacks from Islamic parties, Martini uses the source of the Quranic verses about the story of Maryam, plus more from the source of the hadith-hadith of the Prophet which narrated by Bukhari and Muslim. 

In addition, Martini also still have the works aimed to provide an attack to the Muslim philosophers, particularly al-Ghazali associated with opinions about God, nature, and the immortality of the soul. Attack of the Martini is not only addressed to one work only, but includes a lot of work and too many Muslim leaders like al-Ghazali, ibn Sina etc.

Martini also compiled a book with the title Summary of Rejection to the quran and other books about the attacks on Jewish faith, but but both of his books  has been lost. Among his works, there is a paper produced in 1256, but only discovered in the 20th century with the title Explanatio Sumboli Apostoloum Ad Edita Fidelium Institutionem.

D. Conclusion

Based on the author's research that has been presented above, the author tries to draw the conclusion that: 

1. Motivation of Orientalist studiesin the early days was to give thought to attack Islam and the Quran, both the leaders of Islam, the product of Islamic thought leaders, as well as the main source of Islam ie Quran and al-Hadith. This is evidenced by the many works of the orientalists who tend to always counter with Islam even openly showed his hatred of Islam through his work. 

2. Figures and their works:

a. Pennini Ricoldo De Monte Croce (1243-1320), among his works are:

1. Desputatio Saracenas Et Contra Alchoranem
2. Liber Peregrinationis

b. Peter Pascual (1227-1300)

1. Sobre El Seta Mahometana
2. Contra Los Fatalistas Mahometanos

c. Raimundo Martini (1230-1284)

1. Pugio Fidei Adversus Judaeus Et Mauros
2. Summary Rejection Of Qur'an 
3. Explanatio Sumboli Apostoloum Ad Edita Fidelium Institutionem