Controversy Trinitas
Many things have happened in the past with respect to different points of view on the concept of the Trinity that ended with the slaughter of those who reject the doctrine.
Here are some of the prominent anti-Trinitarian whose life should end in tragic it.
1. Irenaeus (130-200 AD), he was born when Antioch Christian teachings have spread to North Africa, Spain to the South of France. Not many historical records about the origin and maturity, history began to record the time when Iranaeus bring a petition letter from the Bishop of Lyons Elutherus Pothinus to the Pope in Rome.
The petition form Pothinus petition to the Pope to stop the chase, torture and murder of Christians who do not approve the Pauline doctrine of the church.
When they were in Rome, Irenaeus got the news that all Christians who disagree with Paul in Antioch Lyons including Bishop Pothinus himself had been killed. And at a time back to Lyons, Irenaeus replace Ponthinus to have served as bishop dinegrinya.
In the year 190 AD, Irenaeus himself wrote a letter to Pope Victor in order to stop the massacres against the Christians killed for their faith different from the beliefs of the church of Paul.
Old story again repeated, Irenaeus himself was killed in 200 AD because it is not willing to follow the Pope's beliefs, Iranaeus just believe and acknowledge one God, Allah, and he supports the teaching of humanity Jesus appointed by God to be his messenger.
Iranaeus do a lot of criticism against Paul because he regarded as the person most responsible in entering doctrines from pagan religions and philosophies of Plato into the true teachings of Jesus.
In his book, "Universalism The Prevailing Doctrine Of The Christian Church During Its First Five Hundred Years," written by J.W. HANSON, D. D expressed on this Iranaeus as follows:
In a germinal form of the Apostle's Creed, Irenæus, A.D. 180, says that the judge, at the final Assize, will cast the wicked into aionian fire. It is supposed that he used the word aionian, for the Greek in the which he wrote has perished, and the Latin translation reads, "ignem aeternum."
2. "Tertullian" (160-220 AD), he was a native of Carthage (Carthage).
As well as Irenaeus, Tertullian, believes the One God and identifying Jesus as the savior (Messiah) the Jews. He opposed Pope Callistus for teaching of "original sin" has been pardoned after executing penance under the official church.
Tertullian emphasizes the unity of the soul and the existence and says that those healthy minds certainly believe that Jesus is just a mere human.
Callistuslah pope who introduced the term "Trinity" into the writings "Ecclesiastical" (ecclesiastical) Latin when he discussed the strange new doctrine. The term Trinity itself had never been used in the scriptures.
3. "Origen" (185-254 AD). His father was named "Leonidas" and establishing a center for theological education by appointing a leading theology professor named Clement as head of the agency. Origen himself get an education on the ground.
Leonidas is a follower of the Apostolic Christian, the doctrine of monotheism (the One God) and recognizes the servanthood of Jesus.
As we know, Paul's churches would not accept such a belief is held by Leonidas, and consequently in 208 Leonidas was killed by the Pope.
Because he felt he was also threatened, Clement soon left Alexandria. And instead, Origen Clement continuing leadership as head of the school of Theology.
In the year 230 AD, Origen was installed as a pastor in Palestine, but because of Origen taught the concept of monotheism in the church, Bishop Demerius Origen finally sacked and expelled from the church (exactly as prophesied of Jesus in John 16: 1-3-pen).
Origen fled to Caesarea and founded an educational center on the ground Theology in the year 231 AD that finally brought a good name to him.
Jerome, an author of the first Gospel in Latin, was originally a person who is very supportive Origen, but eventually turned to the church Jerome Paul and draw a line hostility against Origen.
Origen Jerome trying to get criticism and court from the local churches, but the popularity Origen is too large and does not allow for Bishop John to do so on this plan resulted in Jerome himself knocked out of the church.
But in the year 250 AD, Origen was condemned by the Council of Alexandria and was thrown into prison and tortured continuously by the church Paul that led to his death in the year 254 AD
Origen fled to Caesarea and founded an educational center on the ground Theology in the year 231 AD that finally brought a good name to him.
Jerome, an author of the first Gospel in Latin, was originally a person who is very supportive Origen, but eventually turned to the church Jerome Paul and draw a line hostility against Origen.
Origen Jerome trying to get criticism and court from the local churches, but the popularity Origen is too large and does not allow for Bishop John to do so on this plan resulted in Jerome himself knocked out of the church.
But in the year 250 AD, Origen was condemned by the Council of Alexandria and was thrown into prison and tortured continuously by the church Paul that led to his death in the year 254 AD
Origen wrote around 600 pieces of essays and treatises. He is one of the greatest role in the history of the church and had died as a martyr who defend the teachings of the true God.
Days of his youth until his deathbed, Origen retaining the teaching of the One God (The Unity of God), believes that the ruling only God and Jesus was a human being and a servant of God, not God himself.
4. "Diodorus," a bishop who came from the land of Tarsus, Paul's birthplace.
Diodorus is a leading Christian figure in Antioch, he argues that the world is always changing, the change was already there long ago. And it indicates that something is fixed behind the change.
Furthermore, the existence of diversity and wisdom shown in any process of change itself, demonstrates the underlying unity of origin and showed the presence of the Creator and Sustainer. This is to show the existence of the Almighty Creator.
Diodorus emphasized the humanity as a whole in themselves that Jesus had a human soul and human flesh, there is no element of divinity at all.
5. "Lucian", a known breadth of his knowledge of the Hebrew and Greek. Lucian does not have its the one church of 220 to 290 M. Teaching Lucian is monotheism, ie pengesaan God in all his forms.
Lucian believed in the grammatical and literal interpretation (in accordance with sound born of a word) of scriptures (Bible). He opposes the tendency to search for symbolic and figurative meanings of the texts of the gospel, and to believe in an empirical and critical approach to these books. He said that the search for the symbolic meaning, can berakibatkan with additions and subtractions to the Gospel which meant the loss of purity of the teachings of Jesus.
Lucian removes the changes that occur in the Bible that was translated into Greek (the Septuagint), he has held a revision of the four Gospels that make it different from the Gospels used by Paul church.
Lucian refused to understand the Trinity and vice versa so inculcated the doctrine of Tawhid, that only God the Lord of the universe to be worshiped, while Jesus was only human who was appointed as His Messenger.
On this attitude, Lucian undergoing torture on the part of Paul's churches and sentenced to death in the year 312 AD
The disagreement among thinkers Trinity eventually became a legend concerning the divinity of the Christian world is controversial 'Aryan heresy' or anti-trinitarian statement put forward by Arius (256-336 AD).
Arius was a disciple of Lucian main Libyan nationals who had also been together with the teacher uphold monotheism, Arius himself a presbyter (chairman of the church board) Baucalis church of Alexandria, one of the oldest and most important church in the city in the year 318 AD
Since the death of Lucian in 312 AD at the hands of Paul's churches, Arius resistance against the doctrine of the Trinity crystallized, and in this struggle, Arius actually get the support of two sisters named Emperor Constantin Constantina and Licunes.
Arius regarded as a rebel Trinity by using the logic of the argument:
"If Jesus was really the son of God, then the Father must exist first. Therefore, it should be a" period "before their children. That means children are beings. Therefore children do not always exist or are not eternal. The true God is perennial, meaning Jesus is not the same with God. "
Arius argued above, about a hundred people of Egypt and Lybia Pastor gathered to listen accountability Arius. And at a time when it also Arius restate landscape:
"There was a time before the existence of Jesus, whereas the Lord was there before. Jesus there and then, and Jesus is just a regular mortal creature like other creatures. But God will not perish."
Arius also strengthen his argument by a number of Bible passages such as John 14: 8: "Father is greater than Jesus"; If we acknowledge that Jesus is equal with God, then we must reject the truth of the verse John.
Arius's argument can be simply explained as follows:
If Jesus was "the son of God", it will be immediately accompanied by the notion that the "Dear God" must exist before the existence of the "Son".
Therefore, surely there will be a time period where the "Son" does not exist.
Therefore, the "Son" is a creature composed of an "essence" or creatures that are not always there.
Because God is a substance that is absolute (eternity, alpha and omega), then Jesus could not possibly be the "essence" the same as "essence" of God.
Conclusion Arius opinion, that there is only one God, the God who is always There is and has no origin, he There was no previous existence. In this case Arius distinguish between elements privilege to remain in the Lord, which is an eternal power, with Jesus as a distinctive element of advantages given by God should a prophet and it is not eternal.
Arius outlined that Jesus called the children of God is a creature, because it was created by God the Father even Jesus' own example correct themselves created before the creation of Abraham (Ibrahim) as narrated in the New Testament -Injil John chapter 8 verse 58, however in this case, the status of Jesus remains a creature and he is not God.
Arius's argument can not be refuted, and starting in 321 AD, is known as a presbyter Arius dissidents and getting a lot of support from the bishops of the East.
To support his views, Arius argued a number of verses in the New Testament shows Jesus as the son of God the Father is domiciled under God the Father as Matthew 28:18, Mark 13:32, Luke 18:19, the book of Johannes 5: 19; chapter 14:28, as well as the epistle 1 Corinthians chapter 15 verse 28.
This conflict is increasingly becoming heated after Athanasius (293-373 AD), one of the great religious leaders and scholars who support the doctrine of the Trinity participated in a sharp dispute with Arius.
To mediate this conflict further, then by the Emperor Constantine (280-337 AD) established a council (great deliberation) in Nicaea (Asia Minor - near the city of Constantinople) in 325 AD (Century IV) followed by the bishops, famous figures and lots Bachelor of Theology of the Church, the Council is also known as the Council of Oikumonis I (Ecumenical means the whole inhabited world human race).
In that deliberation, followers of Arius rejected the notion of eternal creation (creation independent of the dimension of time), while Athanasius defend it. Followers of Arius said that the child was created from nothing, while Athanasius said that the child is created from the essence of God the Father. Followers of Arius argued that God will not be the same substance as the Father while Athanasius argued otherwise.
After the unification point of view is not too successfully achieved on both sides of the debate, finally emperor Constantine gave a statement winged (decisions that are free to be interpreted by any party) in order to maintain the stability of the state of his country.
The emperor Constantine's decision states that Jesus had a nature that "Homousius" with God the Father, the term "Homousius" itself can berartikan one essence, one state or also have a tight relationship with each other.
Decision of the Council was also able to formulate "SYMBOLUM APOSTOLICUM" (Creed of the Apostles) the word "creed" itself comes from the Latin word "credo" which means "I believe", where the core of this formulation to underline about the three persons in the one God that are parallel, although used terms Father and Son.
"Deo Patri Credoin omnipotentem
(I believe in God the Father Almighty)
Creatorem coeli et terrae
(Creator of Heaven and Earth)
Et in Iesum Christum, Fillium eius Unicum, Dominium nostrum
(And will be Jesus Christ, His only Son our Lord)
Qui conceptus est de Spiritu Sancto, Natus ex Maria Virgine
(Which was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary)
Passus sub Pontio Pilato, crucifixus, mortuus et sepultus
(Who suffer in the Government of Pontius Pilate; crucified, died and was buried)
Descendit ad inferna (inferos)
(Which drops to place on hold)
Tertia die resurrexit a mortuis
(On the third day rise from the dead)
Acendit coelos ad, ad sedet dexteram Dei Patris omnipotentis
(Going up to heaven, seated at the right hand of God the Father Almighty)
Inde est venturus iudicare Vivos et mortuos
(Thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead)
Credo in Spiritum Sanctum
(I believe the Holy Spirit)
Sanctam ecclesiam catholicam, sanctorum communionem
(Holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints)
Remisionem peccatorum
(Forgiveness)
carnis resurrectionem
(Resurrection of the body)
Vitam eternam
(Eternal life)
Amen
(Amen) ".
Post-Council of Nicaea, Athanasius had persuaded the emperor to dispose of Arius unity distant places and burnt all the writings Monotheismenya thought the reason that Arius was still not satisfied with the decision of the Emperor. It did not last long because the Emperor Constantine with the support of Bishop Eusebius opposed understand the Trinity recalled Arius from exile and admits that his concept of monotheism is more acceptable than understand the Trinity.
In 336 Arius was appointed pastor in Constantinople and in a cunning deception, he was killed.
Since the year 340 AD (three years after the death of Emperor Constantine in the year 337 AD and was succeeded by Emperor Theodosius), disputes between monotheism with the Trinity back to sticking surface and settlement imposed by the Church with the support of the parties kingdom does not satisfy all parties, and only temporary, because the beliefs of the Palace itself does not trust the teaching of the gospel so that whenever there is change of emperor then there is always a change of scene, and it can change every point of decision before the Council of Nicea. The winning side when it could turn out to be the defeated party or blamed later by the kingdom. And history is what ultimately is most common in the doctrine of the Trinity controversy in the past.
Forty-five years after the death of Arius, the Council of Nicaea (Nicene Creed) ever held in 325 AD and then held again in the year 381 AD, which produces the statement "Creed of Nicaea Constantinople", which contents are:
"I believe in one God
The Father Almighty
Creator of heaven and earth
And everything looks
And invisible.
And in one Lord, Jesus Christ,
God's only Son.
He was born before all ages.
God from God,
Light from Light.
True God from true God.
He was born, not made
Consubstantial with the Father.
All things were made by Him.
He came down from heaven for us human
And for our safety.
He conceived of the Holy Spirit,
Born of the virgin Mary,
And being human
And he was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate.
He suffered death and was buried.
On the third day he rose again according to the Scriptures.
He ascended into heaven, sits at the Father's side.
He will come again in glory,
Judge the living and the dead.
His kingdom will not end.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
He Lord turned,
He came from the Father and the Son
Which as well as the Father and the Son is worshiped and glorified.
He said through the prophets.
I believe in the one, holy, catholic and apostolic,
I acknowledge one baptism, forgiveness of sin.
I look for the resurrection of the dead
And the afterlife.
Amen. "
In the internal history of the church of the Trinity itself, since the Roman Empire split Western and Eastern Roman, Saxon churches of the divine trinity church was split into western and eastern churches.
The word "church" is actually derived from the word "igraja" which was introduced in Indonesia by Portuguese missionaries. The word "igraja" is derived from the Latin word "ecclesia" which was originally derived from ancient Greek is "ekklesia" which means "collection" or "meeting", so that the general meaning of the church is a gathering place for certain people and in terms of These are the people who believe in the principle of the divine trinity.
The existence of the Western church and the Eastern church was finally brought the divisions themselves which resulted doctrine of the Trinity is divided into many sects or flow, the split was originally a ban made by the Roman Emperor Leo III in 726 AD to the people of the Trinity in order not sanctified and made sculptures or pictures (Icono clasts) with respect to beliefs Trinity Christian world as Jesus picture, Mariah or those that are considered holy.
Emperor Leo III's command dikukuhkannya again in 730 AD by the thought that this is an act of idolatry and contrary to the Old Testament and the New Testament itself.
This prohibition enforced until the reign of Emperor Constantine IV and Emperor Leo IV, while the leader of the Eastern church called Pope Gregory II and Pope Gregory III and Germanius with the support of the Church of Constantinople and the Emperor Irene precisely to give consent worship the pictures of religious, disputes that long and this finally resolved with the lifting this ban on the seventh General Assembly held in Nicaea in 787 AD
But the split between the two will not be resolved by the trial and the issue was raised in the 11th century AD when Rome received the Award of an addition to the Nicene Creed, in a way not approved by the Eastern Church. Additionally it is "and son" after the phrase "we believe in the Holy Spirit, God the giver of life, which is derived from God the Father ..." So, the Eastern Churches do not accept that the Holy Spirit descended from God the Father and the Son, but only from God the Father alone.
On the issue of East and West have absolutely no common ground and cause separation in 1054, as the Pope's representative to place the letters of excommunication on the altar of St. Sophia in Constantinople. From that emerged the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church.
The word "Catholic" means "univeral", "has the properties to the totality" or "intact". Thus the Catholic Church is a universal gathering place, where each one has been called to bring the joyful news of the gospel to every person, to every nation, to every corner of the world.
Catholic church in the center of the world, the church of St. Peter's Basilica (St. Peter's Basilica) was built in the Vatican, is the place where Peter (Symeon -one of a disciple of Jesus) is buried. Currently, the grave of Peter was in the ground, just below the main altar of the pillars supporting the dome of Bernini.
Elements of doctrinal keep them separate: the Catholic Church, led by the leadership of the one called Pope, while the Orthodox Church cede leadership in the hands of the bishop or patriarch (meaning the Bishop); views about the Holy Spirit is also different, the Orthodox Church still provide an important position for icons in worship, the church allowed married waiters, and others.
The word "Pope" ( "Pope") means "Father" taken from the Greek language. In the use of the Latin language, these words show her more respect. At the Reformation, Protestants do not agree with terms that seem to be exclusive, hence the term "Pope" is more often referred to as "Bishop of Rome" (Bishop of Rome) as its first term in the Early; The Pope is the supreme leader of the Catholic Church and is a Chairman of the Board of Bishops.
Although initially regarded as the center of the city of Jerusalem sanctity (because there is Bait al-Maqdis), but the hostility shown by the Jews themselves who captured Jerusalem against the things that smelled of Jesus, encourages the transfer of Christian center; first to Antioch, then shifted to town Rome.
Pope holds supreme power, which is beyond the authority of the king and queen. But since the end of the fourteenth century began to arise a challenge against the Pope's authority was so great. There arose a reform movement that began Lollards and Hussites; This movement turned into a serious threat to the supremacy of the Catholic Church when in 1617, a priest named Martin Luther opposed the sale aflat letter (forgiveness) by the church.
He then rejected the supremacy of the pope, and incited the German nobility to revolt and to separate their power. The nobles, who previously terdisilusi with control by the Church and the Pope, needs a bit of encouragement and a lot of them soon joined by Martin Luther and establish their own church, they are known as Protestants (ie Christians protesting).
Along with the time travel, until now there is a lot of flow in the doctrine of the Trinity, in spite of all the controversy about the doctrine of the Trinity itself until now has never stopped and the finish of the Christian world.
With the doctrine of the Trinity itself, "The Catholic Encyclopedia" commented: "In the biblical text has not been there one term was to declare all the Three Persons of God together. The word triad [tri'as] that is the origin of the word trinity in Latin at fi first discovered in the work of Theophilus of Antioch about AD 180 .... Shortly afterwards it appears in its Latin form in Tertullian. " (Http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15047a.htm)
And as the end of writing the previous chapter, at the end of the chapter even this will be given an introduction to critical thinking for people who believe in the idea of the Trinity.
First, the people of this divinity Saxon said: "The Trinity is the term used to express the central doctrine of Christianity ..." but unfortunately the Old Testament and the New Testament itself as a holy book actually did never mentioned this idea of the divine trinity , its appearance is simply due to the interpretation of the word of the Father, Son, Holy Ghost and interpretation of some of the stories that have occurred during the life of Jesus.
Insists that the Trinity is a mystery that is so confusing because it comes from God's revelation merely created a big problem. Because in the book called the Bible as God's revelation itself does not exist such a view of God:
"God is a God who would like to order; he is not God who likes to chaos. As applicable in all the churches of God." (1 Corinthians 14:33 Indonesian daily)
Departing from that statement, maybe God will trigger the doctrine about himself that is so confusing that even scholars and theologians from the Hebrew, Greek and Latin as well as Western loaded with thought and science can not explain?
Regards,